bash知识点:while循环和until循环
for varName in 列表; do
循环体
done
条件测试:有以下两种
可执行命令: 命令成功,条件测试成功;否则为失败;
根据$?, 状态返回值;
表达式(不是可执行的命令,是个表达式):
[ expression ]
` expression `
test expression
while 条件测试; do
循环体
done
while循环:条件测试成功,则循环;失败,则退出;
如何退出?
必须有时刻:条件测试不成功
?: 条件控制变量
练习:求100以内所有正整数的和;
declare -i sum=0
declare -i i=1
while [ $i -le 100 ]; do
let sum+=$i
let i++
done
echo $sum
练习:求100以内所有偶数之和
declare -i evenSum=0
declare -i i=1
while [ $i -le 100 ]; do
if [ $[$i%2] -eq 0 ]; then
let evenSum+=$i
fi
let i++
done
echo $evenSum
declare -i evenSum=0
declare -i i=2
while [ $i -le 100 ]; do
let evenSum+=$i
let i+=2
done
echo $evenSum
如何让while循环退出:在循环体中改变测试条件中用于控制循环次数的变量的值;
练习:通过键盘提示用户输入字符,将用户输入的小写字母转换为大写,转换一次之后,再次提醒,再输再转换;但输入quit表示退出;
#!/bin/bash
read -p "Enter a word: " word
while [[ "$word" != "quit" ]]; do
echo $word | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'
read -p "Enter a word again: " word
done
练习:显示如下菜单给用户
cpu) print cpu information;
mem) print memory information;
disk) print disk infomation;
quit) quit
Enter your option:
根据用户的选择输出相应信息;
每次执行后,不退出,而由用户再次指定新的选项;
#!/bin/bash
#
cat << EOF
cpu) print cpu information;
mem) print memory information;
disk) print disk infomation;
quit) quit
EOF
read -p "Enter your option: " option
option=`echo $option | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'`
while [[ "$option" != "quit" ]]; do
if [[ "$option" == "cpu" ]]; then
cat /proc/cpuinfo
elif [[ "$option" == "mem" ]]; then
free -m
elif [[ "$option" == "disk" ]]; then
df -h
else
echo "Wrong option..."
fi
read -p "Enter your option again: " option
option=`echo $option | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'`
done
回顾:raid
md: Multi Disks
dm: Device Mapper
硬件:
BIOS
软件:
磁盘或RAID管理工具
提升性能、可用性(容错能力)
容错能力:raid1, raid4, raid5, raid6, raid10
提升写性能:raid0, raid4, raid5, raid6, raid10
mdadm
-A
-C
-a 自动创建设备文件
-l 指定级别
-x 冗余磁盘个数
-n 指定存数据磁盘个数
-c 指定chunk大小
-F 管理模式
-S 停止raid
-D 查看细节
bash循环:while
while 条件; do
循环体
done
循环体中:不断地修改控制循环次数的变量,以使得其在某一时刻导致测试条件不能满足从而退出循环;
练习:提示用户输入一个用户名,如果存在:显示用户UID和SHELL信息;否则,则显示无此用户;
显示完成之后,提示用户再次输入;如果是quit则退出;
方法一:
#!/bin/bash
#
read -p "Enter a user name: " userName
while [[ "$userName" != "quit" ]]; do
判断是否为空
if [ -z "$userName" ]; then
echo "User name null."
elif id $userName &> /dev/null; then
grep "^$userName\>" /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f3,7
else
echo "No such user."
fi
read -p "Enter a user name again(quit to exit): " userName
done
if [ -z "$userName" ]; then
echo "User name null."
else
if id $userName &> /dev/null; then
grep "^$userName\>" /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f3,7
else
echo "No such user."
fi
fi
read -p "Enter a user name again(quit to exit): " userName
练习:提示用户输入一个用户名,判断用户是否登录了当前系统;
如果没有登录,则停止5秒钟之后,再次判断;直到用户登录系统,显示“用户来了”,而后退出;
方法一:
#!/bin/bash
#
read -p "Enter a user name: " userName
先判别用户名是否存在
while ! id $userName &> /dev/null; do
read -p "Enter a user name again: " userName
done
who | grep "^$userName" &> /dev/null
retVal=$?
while [ $retVal -ne 0 ]; do
sleep 5
who | grep "^$userName" &> /dev/null
retVal=$?
done
echo "$userName is on."
方法二:
#!/bin/bash
#
read -p "Enter a user name: " userName
while ! id $userName &> /dev/null; do
read -p "Enter a user name again: " userName
done
while ! who | grep "^$userName" &> /dev/null; do
echo "$userName is not here."
sleep 5
done
echo "$userName is on."
方法三:
#!/bin/bash
#
read -p "Enter a user name: " userName
until [ -n "$userName" ] && id $userName &> /dev/null; do
read -p "Enter a user name again: " userName
done
until who | grep "^$userName" &> /dev/null; do
echo "$userName is not here."
sleep 5
done
echo "$userName is on."
bash编程之until循环:
until 测试条件; do
循环体
done
条件不满足,则循环;否则,退出;
练习:用until循环,求100以内所有正整数之和;
#!/bin/bash
declare -i sum=0
declare -i i=1
until [ $i -gt 100 ]; do
let sum+=$i
let i++
done
echo $sum
bash编程之组合测试条件深入探讨:
逻辑与:多个条件同时满足
[ CONDITION1 ] && [ CONDITION2 ]
[ CONDITION1 -a CONDITION2 ]
[[ CONDITION1 && CONDITION2 ]]
注意:前两个使用单或双中括号都可,但,&&不允许用于单中括号中,所以第三种只能用于双中括号中;
逻辑或:多个条件中有一个满足即为真;
[ CONDITION1 ] || [ CONDITION2 ]
[ CONDITION1 -o CONDITION2 ]
[[ CONDITION1 || CONDITION2 ]]
注意:||不允许用于单中括号中;
德 摩根 定律
!(条件1 或 条件2) = !条件1 并且 !条件2
!(条件1 并且 条件2) = !条件1 或 !条件2
使用while循环一次读取文件的一行,直到文件尾部:
while read line; do
循环体
done < /path/to/somefile
练习:取出当前系统上,默认shell为bash的用户(不错)
#!/bin/bash
#
while read line; do
使用与做连续判断
[[ `echo $line | cut -d: -f7` == "/bin/bash" ]] && echo $line | cut -d: -f1
done < /etc/passwd
练习:显示所有其ID号为偶数的用户;
#!/bin/bash
#
while read line; do
userID=`echo $line | cut -d: -f3`
if [ $[$userID%2] -eq 0 ]; then
echo -n "$userID: "
echo $line | cut -d: -f1
fi
done < /etc/passwd
练习:显示/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit文件中,其总字符个数大于30的行;
#!/bin/bash
#
while read line; do
charCounts=`echo $line | wc -c`
if [ $charCounts -gt 30 ]; then
echo -n "$charCounts: "
echo $line
fi
done < /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
练习:显示所有其UID和GID均为偶数的用户;
#!/bin/bash
#
while read line; do
userID=`echo $line | cut -d: -f3`
groupID=`echo $line | cut -d: -f4`
if [ $[$userID%2] -eq 0 ] && [ $[$groupID%2] -eq 0 ]; then
echo -n "$userID, $groupID: "
echo $line | cut -d: -f1
fi
done < /etc/passwd
练习:显示/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit文件中,其总字符个数大于30且非以“#”开头的行;
#!/bin/bash
#
while read line; do
charCounts=`echo $line | wc -c`
if [ $charCounts -gt 30 ] && [[ "$line" =~ ^[^#] ]] ; then
echo -n "$charCounts: "
echo $line
fi
done < /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit